French Heraldry & Coats of Arms

French heraldry has a rich history, and although regulated personal heraldry has largely declined, civic heraldry remains a visible part of daily life. Let’s delve into the fascinating world of French heraldic symbols.

French Heraldry: A Brief Overview

1. History and Decline:

   • French heraldry dates back to the 12th century. During this time, it played a significant role in identifying individuals, families, and institutions.
   • However, formal heraldry has largely died out in France, especially concerning regulated personal arms. Civic heraldry, which includes coats of arms for cities, towns, and other entities, continues to be relevant.
   • The role of heralds (known as “hérauts”) declined in the 17th century.

2. Rule of Tinctures:

   • Like the British system of heraldry, French heraldry adheres to the Rule of Tinctures. This rule governs the use of colors and metals in coats of arms.
   • The basic tinctures are:
     • Colors: Sable (black), Gueules (red), Sinople (green), and Azur (blue).
     • Metals: Or (gold or yellow) and Argent (silver or white).
   • To ensure visibility, charges (symbols) of a color cannot be placed on a field of the same color, nor can charges of a metal be placed on a field of the same metal.

3. Crowns and Coronets:

   • French heraldry has a well-defined system of crowns and coronets. These indicate rank and status.
   • Supporters (figures on either side of the shield) are less common in French heraldry compared to other European traditions.
   • Crests, which are common in English heraldry, are rare in French depictions.

4. Napoleonic Heraldry:

   • During the First French Empire (Napoleonic era), heraldry underwent changes.
   • A new system of titles of nobility was introduced, along with a stronger sense of hierarchy.
   • Marks in the shield indicated official functions and positions.
   • Toques (headgear) replaced coronets, and the number of ostrich feathers on the toques indicated rank.

5. Coat of Arms of France:

   • The unofficial emblem of the French Republic features a lictor’s fasces (a bundle of rods) upon branches of laurel and oak.
   • A ribbon bears the national motto: “Liberté, égalité, fraternité.”
   • The full achievement includes the star and grand collar of the Legion of Honour¹.

In summary, French heraldry combines tradition, symbolism, and historical context. While personal arms have waned, civic heraldry continues to thrive, connecting communities to their past and identity. 🛡️🇫🇷¹